When Your Dog’s Back is Hurting: Causes and Treatment of Intervertebral Disc Disease

Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD) is a painful and potentially serious spinal condition that affects many dogs, especially those with long backs like Dachshunds, Corgis, and Basset Hounds. It happens when the cushioning discs between the vertebrae in the spine start to bulge or burst, which puts pressure on the spinal cord. This pressure can cause pain, nerve damage, or even paralysis if it isn’t treated.

What Causes IVDD in Dogs?

Intervertebral discs are what act as shock absorbers for your pets spine, and over time, they can harden or even rupture due to injury. When this happens, the material inside the disc pushes out and compresses the spinal cord, and that is the main cause of IVDD.

Some dogs are genetically predisposed to having IVDD, especially breeds with long spines and short legs. These include Dachshunds, French Bulldogs, Shih Tzus, Pekingese, and Cocker Spaniels. In these dogs, as early as one or two years of age, the discs can start to degenerate.

In other cases, IVDD can be caused by trauma, like jumping off furniture or falling awkwardly, which causes a sudden disc rupture. The risk is also increased by obesity, as it puts more strain on the spine.

IVDD Symptoms

The symptoms of IVDD can vary depending on how severe the damage is and where it is located. In mild cases, you may notice only slight stiffness or your dog being reluctant to jump. In more severe cases, symptoms can include sudden pain or yelping when touched, difficulty walking or standing, weakness in the legs, especially the hind legs, arched back or hunched posture, loss of coordination or wobbly walking, inability to urinate and paralysis. They can develop over time or appear suddenly, but the moment your dog shows any of these signs, especially pain or changes in movement, call your veterinarian immediately. Early diagnosis increases the chances of recovery.

Diagnosing IVDD

To diagnose IVDD, a veterinarian will perform a neurological and physical examination, then follow up with imaging tests such as MRIs, X-rays, or CT scans. These tests help identify the location of the disc damage and how severe it is, plus guide treatment options.

Treatment Options for IVDD

The treatment for IVDD depends on the severity of the symptoms your dog is experiencing. Mild cases may respond well to basic care, which includes strict crate rest for several weeks, anti-inflammatory medications, and pain relievers. Physical therapy may also be recommended to help your dog get back its strength and mobility.

In more serious cases, especially if there is significant nerve damage or paralysis, surgery may be required. The most common procedure is a decompressive surgery, which removes the damaged disc material and relieves pressure on the spinal cord. Recovery after surgery varies but can take weeks to months and tends to include physical rehabilitation.

Intervertebral Disc Disease is serious but manageable, but when detected early and appropriate care is administered, many dogs can recover and return to a good quality of life.